OUGD505 Studio Brief 02 - Types of Racism (Research)

Types of Racism:

Internalised - refers to the feelings of self-hatred experienced by individuals from oppressed groups.

Colourism - discrimination based on skin colour.

Subtle - refers to the seemingly minor ways minorities experience discrimination. Everyday slights such as being ignored, ridiculed or treated differently because of one’s racial background.

Reverse - controversial idea that whites, who’ve been historically privileged in the Western world, now experience racial discrimination because of affirmative action and other programs that aim to level the playing field for minorities.

Racial Profiling - controversial form of discrimination that largely targets members of minority groups—from Muslim Americans to Hispanics to blacks and more. 

Stereotypes - While members of minority groups definitely share some experiences, such experiences don’t mean that members of racial groups all share certain personality or physical traits.

Racial Prejudice - People who engage in racial prejudice often do so because of racial stereotypes. They write off entire groups of people based on sweeping generalisations.

Institutional - when an organisation's procedures and policies amount to disadvantaging people from minority ethnic backgrounds.

Hate Incidents / Crimes
When racist or religious hate incidents become criminal offences, they are known as hate crimes. This can take the form of:

• verbal and physical abuse
• bullying
• threatening behaviour
• online abuse
• damage to property.

There are two main types of racist and religious hate crime:

• racially or religiously aggravated offences under the Crime and Disorder Act 1998
• any other offences for which the sentence can be increased under the Criminal Justice Act 2003 if they are classed as a hate crime