The surface of an object reflects some colours and absorbs all the others. We perceive only the reflected colours.
The human eye and brain work together to translate light into colour. Light receptors within the eye transmit messages to the brain, which produces the familiar sensations of colour.
The eye contains two types of receptors:
RODS - convey shades of black white and grey.
CONES - allow the brain to perceive colour.
There are 3 types of cones:
TYPE 1: is sensitive to red/orange light.
TYPE 2: is sensitive to green light.
TYPE 3: is sensitive to blue-violet light.
These receptors process the light into nerve impulses and pass them along to the cortex of the brain via the optic nerve.
Because of this physiological response, the eye can be 'fooled' into seeing the full range of visible colours through the proportionate adjustment of just 3 colours: RED, GREEN and BLUE.
About 8% of men and 1% of women have some form of colour impairment.
The most common impairment is red and green dichromatism which causes red and green to appear indistinguishable. Other impairments affect other colour pairs. People with total colour blindness are very rare.
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